[{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org\/","@type":"Article","@id":"https:\/\/www.nadett.cz\/operace-barbarosa-pochod-na-vychod\/#Article","mainEntityOfPage":"https:\/\/www.nadett.cz\/operace-barbarosa-pochod-na-vychod\/","headline":"Operace Barbarosa \u2013 pochod na v\u00fdchod","name":"Operace Barbarosa \u2013 pochod na v\u00fdchod","description":"Jednou z\u00a0kapitol druh\u00e9 sv\u011btov\u00e9 v\u00e1lky je \u00fatok nacistick\u00e9ho N\u011bmecka na Sov\u011btsk\u00fd svaz. Ten byl napl\u00e1nov\u00e1n na \u010derven 1941. Dva roky […]","datePublished":"2023-05-15","dateModified":"2023-05-15","author":{"@type":"Person","@id":"https:\/\/www.nadett.cz\/author\/#Person","name":"","url":"https:\/\/www.nadett.cz\/author\/","identifier":1,"image":{"@type":"ImageObject","@id":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/c0c0e488d5f88ebdb5e32a558e21f6df03f38644814b5677bcd67e16813bee55?s=96&d=mm&r=g","url":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/c0c0e488d5f88ebdb5e32a558e21f6df03f38644814b5677bcd67e16813bee55?s=96&d=mm&r=g","height":96,"width":96}},"publisher":{"@type":"Organization","name":"nadett.cz","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","@id":"\/logo.png","url":"\/logo.png","width":600,"height":60}},"image":{"@type":"ImageObject","@id":"https:\/\/www.nadett.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/img_a341795_w2618_t1554654843.jpg","url":"https:\/\/www.nadett.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/img_a341795_w2618_t1554654843.jpg","height":0,"width":0},"url":"https:\/\/www.nadett.cz\/operace-barbarosa-pochod-na-vychod\/","wordCount":457,"articleBody":"Jednou z\u00a0kapitol druh\u00e9 sv\u011btov\u00e9 v\u00e1lky je \u00fatok nacistick\u00e9ho N\u011bmecka na Sov\u011btsk\u00fd svaz. Ten byl napl\u00e1nov\u00e1n na \u010derven 1941. Dva roky p\u0159ed t\u00edm, aby sv\u00e9ho soka udr\u017eel v\u00a0bla\u017een\u00e9 nev\u011bdomosti, uzav\u0159el Hitler se Stalinem (resp. jejich minist\u0159i Ribbentrop a Molotv) pak o ne\u00fato\u010den\u00ed. Hitler tak z\u00edskal \u010das na dobyt\u00ed Francie a se\u0161ikov\u00e1n\u00ed sv\u00fdch arm\u00e1d na hranici se SSSR, kter\u00e1 le\u017eela v\u00a0dne\u0161n\u00edm Polsku (to si rozd\u011blili se Stalinem ji\u017e v\u00a0roce 1939).\tSkupiny arm\u00e1dFronta na v\u00fdchod\u011b byla rozs\u00e1hl\u00e1 ji\u017e od sam\u00e9ho za\u010d\u00e1tku. N\u011bmeck\u00fd \u00fatok se m\u011bl zastavit na spojnici m\u011bst Astracha\u0148 (pob\u0159e\u017e\u00ed Kaspick\u00e9ho mo\u0159e) a Archangelsk (p\u0159\u00edstav na severu Ruska). Koncov\u00e1 hranice tak m\u011bla d\u00e9lku cca 2\u00a0200 km. K\u00a0tomu, aby mohl wehrmacht (n\u011bmeck\u00e1 arm\u00e1da) postupovat efektivn\u011b, muselo vrchn\u00ed velen\u00ed operace Barbarosa (kryc\u00ed n\u00e1zev) rozd\u011blit sv\u00e9 arm\u00e1dy na t\u0159i skupiny \u2013 Sever (c\u00edl Leningrad), St\u0159ed (c\u00edl Moskva) a Jih (c\u00edl Kyjev).\tTaktika a prvn\u00ed m\u011bs\u00edceN\u011bmci vyu\u017eili svou slavnou taktiku blitzkriegu \u2013 bleskov\u00e9 v\u00e1lky. Ta se jim osv\u011bd\u010dila p\u0159i dobyt\u00ed Polska a Francie. Spo\u010d\u00edvala v\u00a0nasazen\u00ed t\u011b\u017ek\u00fdch motorizovan\u00fdch obrn\u011bn\u00fdch diviz\u00ed, jejich\u017e z\u00e1klad tvo\u0159ily tanky, obrn\u011bn\u00e9 transport\u00e9ry a leteck\u00e1 podpora. Ty m\u011bly za \u00fakol rychle sm\u00e9st nep\u0159\u00edtele a p\u0159ipravit p\u016fdu pro p\u011b\u0161\u00ed jednotky. Leteck\u00e1 podpora hr\u00e1la veled\u016fle\u017eitou roli. V\u00a0prvn\u00edch hodin\u00e1ch konfliktu dok\u00e1zala zcela p\u0159ekvapit sov\u011btsk\u00e1 leti\u0161t\u011b a sest\u0159elit letadla protivn\u00edka, je\u0161t\u011b ne\u017e sta\u010dila vzl\u00e9tnout. A proto\u017ee sov\u011btsk\u00e9 tanky neznamenaly v\u011bt\u0161\u00ed p\u0159ek\u00e1\u017eku, nic nebr\u00e1nilo tankov\u00fdm diviz\u00edm nacist\u016f postupovat rychle vp\u0159ed. Ji\u017e v\u00a0prosinci byli N\u011bmci p\u0159ed Moskvou, ale kv\u016fli po\u010das\u00ed a rusk\u00e9 zim\u011b zastavili sv\u016fj \u00fatok.\tObratRychl\u00fd postup zpomalila zima. Tanky nemohli efektivn\u011b bojovat, voj\u00e1ci nem\u011bli zimn\u00ed v\u00fdbavu. Obrat za\u010dal po bitv\u011b o Stalingrad, kde se Sov\u011bti ubr\u00e1nili velk\u00e9 p\u0159esile 6. n\u011bmeck\u00e9 arm\u00e1dy, kterou nakonec obkl\u00ed\u010dili a zajali. N\u011bmci museli ustupovat. Nad\u011bji cht\u011bli vyk\u0159esat v\u00a0tankov\u00e9 bitv\u011b u Kurska, ale Sov\u011bti zde nasadili modern\u00ed tanky a d\u00edky p\u0159esile n\u011bmeck\u00fd proti\u00fatok zastavili. Od t\u00e9 doby se na v\u0161ech front\u00e1ch n\u011bmeck\u00e9 s\u00edly setk\u00e1valy s\u00a0por\u00e1\u017ekami. Definitivn\u00ed konec nad\u011bj\u00ed nastal v\u00a0roce 1944 po vylod\u011bn\u00ed Spojenc\u016f v\u00a0Normadii. Sov\u011bti se zastavili a\u017e v\u00a0Berl\u00edn\u011b.                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        4.4\/5 - (8 votes)        "},{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org\/","@type":"BreadcrumbList","itemListElement":[{"@type":"ListItem","position":1,"name":"Operace Barbarosa \u2013 pochod na v\u00fdchod","item":"https:\/\/www.nadett.cz\/operace-barbarosa-pochod-na-vychod\/#breadcrumbitem"}]}]